Social Attraction:
Place the puppy in test area. From a few feet away the tester coaxes the pup to her/him by clapping hands gently and kneeling down. Tester must coax in a
direction away from the point where it entered the testing area. Degree of social attraction, confidence or dependence. 1. Came readily, excited, jumped, bit
at hands
2. Came readily, excited, pawed, licked at hands.
3. Came readily, excited.
4. Came readily, not excited.
5. Came hesitantly, not excited.
6. Did not come at all.
Following:
Stand up and walk away from the pup in a normal manner. Make sure the pup sees you walk away. Degree of following attraction. Not following indicates
independence. 1. Followed readily, excited, got underfoot, bit at feet.
2. Followed readily, excited, got underfoot.
3. Followed readily, excited.
4. Followed readily, not excited.
5. Followed hesitantly, not excited.
6. No following, or went away
Restraint:
Crouch down and gently roll the pup on his back and hold it with one hand for a full 30 seconds. Degree of dominant or submissive tendency. How it accepts
stress when socially and/or physically dominated. 1. Struggled fiercely, flailed, bit.
2. Struggled fiercely, flailed.
3. Settled, struggled, settled with some eye contact.
4. Struggled, then settled.
5. No struggle.
6. No struggle, straining to avoid eye contact.
Social Dominance:
Let pup stand up and gently stroke him from the head to back while you crouch beside him. Continue stroking until a recognizable behavior is established.
Degree of acceptance of social dominance pup may try to dominate by jumping and nipping or it is independent and walks away. 1. Jumped, pawed, bit
growled.
2. Jumped, pawed.
3. Cuddles up to tester and tries to lick face.
4. Squirmed, licked at hands.
5. Rolled over, licked at hands.
6. Went away and stayed away.
Elevation Dominance:
Bend over and cradle the pup under its belly, fingers interlaced, palms up and elevate just off the ground. Hold it there for 30 seconds. Degree of accepting
dominance while in position of no control. 1. Struggled fiercely, bit growled.
2. Struggled fiercely.
3. No struggle, relaxed.
4. Struggled, settled, licked.
5. No struggled, licked at hands.
6. No struggle, froze.
Retrieving:
Crouch beside pup and attract its attention with crumpled up paper ball. When the pup shows interest and is watching, toss the object 1 to 2 meters in front
of pup. Degree of willingness to work with a human. High correlation between ability to retrieve and successful guide dogs, obedience dogs, field trial dogs.
1. Chases object, picks up object and runs away.
2. Chases object, stands over object, does not return.
3. Chases object and returns with object to tester.
4. Chases object and returns without object to tester.
5. Starts to chase object, loses interest.
6. Does not chase object.
Touch Sensitivity:
Take puppy’s webbing of one front foot and press between finger and thumb lightly, then more firmly till you get a response, while you count slowly to 10.
Stop as soon as puppy pulls away or shows discomfort. Degree of sensitivity to touch. 1. 8 - 10 seconds before response.
2. 6 - 7 seconds before response.
3. 5 - 6 seconds before response.
4. 3- 4 seconds before response.
5. 1 - 2 seconds before response.
Sound Sensitivity:
Place pup in center of area. Testor of assistant makes a sharp noise a few feet from the puppy. A large metal spoon struck sharply on a metal pan twice
works well. Degree of sensitivity to sound (also a rudimentary test for deafness). 1. Listens, locates sound, walks towards it barking.
2. Listens, locates sound, barks.
3. Listens, locates sound, and walks there curiously.
4. Listens, locates sound.
5. Cringes, backs off, hides.
6. Ignores sound, shows no curiosity.
Sight Sensitivity:
Place pup in center of room. Tie a string around a large towel and jerk it across the floor a few feet away from the puppy. Degree of intelligent response to
strange object. 1. Looks, attacks and bites.
2. Looks, barks and excited.
3. Looks curiously, attempts to investigate.
4. Looks, barks, not excited
5. Runs away, hides.
Structure:
The puppy is gently set in a natural stance and evaluated for structure in the following categories: Degree of structural soundness. Good structure is
necessary. Good: The puppy is correct in structure.
Fair: The puppy has a slight fault or deviation.
Poor: The puppy has an extreme fault of deviation.
INTERPRETATION OF SCORES
Mostly 1’s:
This dog is extremely dominant and has aggressive tendencies. It is quick to bite and is generally considered not good with children or the elderly. When
combined with a 1 or 2 in touch sensitivity, will be a difficult dog to train. Not a dog for the in experienced handler; takes a competent trainer to establish
leadership.
Mostly 2’s:
This dog is dominant and can be provoked to bite. Responds well to firm, consistent, fair handling in an adult household, and is likely to be a loyal pet once it
respects its human leader. Often has bouncy, outgoing temperament: may be too active for elderly, and too dominant for small children.
Mostly 3’s:
This dog accepts human leaders easily. Is best prospect for the average owner, adapts well to new situations and generally good with children and elderly,
although it may be inclined to be active. Makes a good obedience prospect and usually has a common sense approach to life.
Mostly 4’s:
This dog is submissive and will adapt to most households. May be slightly less outgoing and active than a dog scoring mostly 3’s. Gets along well with
children in general and trains well.
Mostly 5’s:
This dog is extremely submissive and needs special handling to build confidence and bring him out of his shell. Does not adapt well to change needs a very
regular, structured environment. Usually safe around children and bites only when severely stressed. Not a good choice for a beginner since it frightens
easily, and takes a long time to get used to new experiences.
Mostly 6’s:
This dog is independent. He is not affectionate and may dislike petting and cuddling. It is difficult to establish a relationship with him for working or as a pet.
Not recommended for children who may force attention on him; he is not a beginner’s dog.
a) When combined with 1’s (especially in restraint); the independent dog is likely to bite under stress.
b) When combined with 5’s the independent dog is likely to hide from people, or freeze when approached by a stranger.
No clear patterns (several 1’s, 2’s and 5’s):
This dog may not be feeling well. Perhaps just ate or was recently wormed. Wait two days and re-test. If the test still shows wide variations (lots of 1’s and 5’
s), it is probably unpredictable and unlikely to be a good pet or obedience dog.
SCORING TIPS
3 in Social Attraction and Social Dominance:
The socially attracted dog is more easily taught to come and is more cuddly and friendly. Its interest in people can be a useful tool in training, despite other
scores.
1 in Restraint and 1 in Touch Sensitivity:
The dominant aggressive dog, insensitive to touch, will be a handful to train and extremely difficult for anyone other than an exceptionally competent handler.
5 in Social attraction:
This is likely to be a spooky dog that is never desirable. It requires a great deal of extra work to get a spooky dog adapted to new situations and they
generally cannot be depended upon in a crisis.
5 in Touch and Sound Sensitivity:
May also be very spooky and needs delicate handling to prevent the dog from becoming frightened.
Place the puppy in test area. From a few feet away the tester coaxes the pup to her/him by clapping hands gently and kneeling down. Tester must coax in a
direction away from the point where it entered the testing area. Degree of social attraction, confidence or dependence. 1. Came readily, excited, jumped, bit
at hands
2. Came readily, excited, pawed, licked at hands.
3. Came readily, excited.
4. Came readily, not excited.
5. Came hesitantly, not excited.
6. Did not come at all.
Following:
Stand up and walk away from the pup in a normal manner. Make sure the pup sees you walk away. Degree of following attraction. Not following indicates
independence. 1. Followed readily, excited, got underfoot, bit at feet.
2. Followed readily, excited, got underfoot.
3. Followed readily, excited.
4. Followed readily, not excited.
5. Followed hesitantly, not excited.
6. No following, or went away
Restraint:
Crouch down and gently roll the pup on his back and hold it with one hand for a full 30 seconds. Degree of dominant or submissive tendency. How it accepts
stress when socially and/or physically dominated. 1. Struggled fiercely, flailed, bit.
2. Struggled fiercely, flailed.
3. Settled, struggled, settled with some eye contact.
4. Struggled, then settled.
5. No struggle.
6. No struggle, straining to avoid eye contact.
Social Dominance:
Let pup stand up and gently stroke him from the head to back while you crouch beside him. Continue stroking until a recognizable behavior is established.
Degree of acceptance of social dominance pup may try to dominate by jumping and nipping or it is independent and walks away. 1. Jumped, pawed, bit
growled.
2. Jumped, pawed.
3. Cuddles up to tester and tries to lick face.
4. Squirmed, licked at hands.
5. Rolled over, licked at hands.
6. Went away and stayed away.
Elevation Dominance:
Bend over and cradle the pup under its belly, fingers interlaced, palms up and elevate just off the ground. Hold it there for 30 seconds. Degree of accepting
dominance while in position of no control. 1. Struggled fiercely, bit growled.
2. Struggled fiercely.
3. No struggle, relaxed.
4. Struggled, settled, licked.
5. No struggled, licked at hands.
6. No struggle, froze.
Retrieving:
Crouch beside pup and attract its attention with crumpled up paper ball. When the pup shows interest and is watching, toss the object 1 to 2 meters in front
of pup. Degree of willingness to work with a human. High correlation between ability to retrieve and successful guide dogs, obedience dogs, field trial dogs.
1. Chases object, picks up object and runs away.
2. Chases object, stands over object, does not return.
3. Chases object and returns with object to tester.
4. Chases object and returns without object to tester.
5. Starts to chase object, loses interest.
6. Does not chase object.
Touch Sensitivity:
Take puppy’s webbing of one front foot and press between finger and thumb lightly, then more firmly till you get a response, while you count slowly to 10.
Stop as soon as puppy pulls away or shows discomfort. Degree of sensitivity to touch. 1. 8 - 10 seconds before response.
2. 6 - 7 seconds before response.
3. 5 - 6 seconds before response.
4. 3- 4 seconds before response.
5. 1 - 2 seconds before response.
Sound Sensitivity:
Place pup in center of area. Testor of assistant makes a sharp noise a few feet from the puppy. A large metal spoon struck sharply on a metal pan twice
works well. Degree of sensitivity to sound (also a rudimentary test for deafness). 1. Listens, locates sound, walks towards it barking.
2. Listens, locates sound, barks.
3. Listens, locates sound, and walks there curiously.
4. Listens, locates sound.
5. Cringes, backs off, hides.
6. Ignores sound, shows no curiosity.
Sight Sensitivity:
Place pup in center of room. Tie a string around a large towel and jerk it across the floor a few feet away from the puppy. Degree of intelligent response to
strange object. 1. Looks, attacks and bites.
2. Looks, barks and excited.
3. Looks curiously, attempts to investigate.
4. Looks, barks, not excited
5. Runs away, hides.
Structure:
The puppy is gently set in a natural stance and evaluated for structure in the following categories: Degree of structural soundness. Good structure is
necessary. Good: The puppy is correct in structure.
Fair: The puppy has a slight fault or deviation.
Poor: The puppy has an extreme fault of deviation.
INTERPRETATION OF SCORES
Mostly 1’s:
This dog is extremely dominant and has aggressive tendencies. It is quick to bite and is generally considered not good with children or the elderly. When
combined with a 1 or 2 in touch sensitivity, will be a difficult dog to train. Not a dog for the in experienced handler; takes a competent trainer to establish
leadership.
Mostly 2’s:
This dog is dominant and can be provoked to bite. Responds well to firm, consistent, fair handling in an adult household, and is likely to be a loyal pet once it
respects its human leader. Often has bouncy, outgoing temperament: may be too active for elderly, and too dominant for small children.
Mostly 3’s:
This dog accepts human leaders easily. Is best prospect for the average owner, adapts well to new situations and generally good with children and elderly,
although it may be inclined to be active. Makes a good obedience prospect and usually has a common sense approach to life.
Mostly 4’s:
This dog is submissive and will adapt to most households. May be slightly less outgoing and active than a dog scoring mostly 3’s. Gets along well with
children in general and trains well.
Mostly 5’s:
This dog is extremely submissive and needs special handling to build confidence and bring him out of his shell. Does not adapt well to change needs a very
regular, structured environment. Usually safe around children and bites only when severely stressed. Not a good choice for a beginner since it frightens
easily, and takes a long time to get used to new experiences.
Mostly 6’s:
This dog is independent. He is not affectionate and may dislike petting and cuddling. It is difficult to establish a relationship with him for working or as a pet.
Not recommended for children who may force attention on him; he is not a beginner’s dog.
a) When combined with 1’s (especially in restraint); the independent dog is likely to bite under stress.
b) When combined with 5’s the independent dog is likely to hide from people, or freeze when approached by a stranger.
No clear patterns (several 1’s, 2’s and 5’s):
This dog may not be feeling well. Perhaps just ate or was recently wormed. Wait two days and re-test. If the test still shows wide variations (lots of 1’s and 5’
s), it is probably unpredictable and unlikely to be a good pet or obedience dog.
SCORING TIPS
3 in Social Attraction and Social Dominance:
The socially attracted dog is more easily taught to come and is more cuddly and friendly. Its interest in people can be a useful tool in training, despite other
scores.
1 in Restraint and 1 in Touch Sensitivity:
The dominant aggressive dog, insensitive to touch, will be a handful to train and extremely difficult for anyone other than an exceptionally competent handler.
5 in Social attraction:
This is likely to be a spooky dog that is never desirable. It requires a great deal of extra work to get a spooky dog adapted to new situations and they
generally cannot be depended upon in a crisis.
5 in Touch and Sound Sensitivity:
May also be very spooky and needs delicate handling to prevent the dog from becoming frightened.
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| Personality Test |
Temperament types:
A. Dominant
This puppy seems to be a rebellious one, not recommended as a pet, but excellent as a herding, agility, or obedience dog. Could be used as a watch dog
if properly trained. Absolutely requires an experienced handler as this type of dog will always attempt to challenge human leadership.
B. Independent
This puppy seems to be a self-assured one, which requires a firm education and is not recommended if one has children.
C. Docile
This puppy seems to be obedient and stable.
D. Docile / Affectionate
Along with a docile temperament this pup will have an increased need for affection and should be perfectly suitable for children.
E. Timorous
This puppy seems to be an anxious one, may ill-behave with small children.
An E type may indicate a lack of imprinting, at an important stage of the puppy's development (0 to 6 weeks), which is often irreversible.
A majority of A's indicates an A-type of dog, a majority of B's a B-type, and so forth.
Test sequence:
Sociability
Put the puppy on the floor and move away, then attract it by clapping your hands.
A. Moves in your direction, jumps and chews at your hands.
B. Comes immediately, its tail high.
C. Comes and wags its tail.
D. Comes with a low tail.
E. Doesn't move at all in your direction.
Following
Move around the puppy first, then move out of its visual field, without calling it.
A. Follows you, chewing at your feet.
B. Follows you, its tail high.
C. Follows you, its tail low.
D. Follows you, hesitating, its tail low.
E. Doesn't follow you.
Acceptance of Dominance
Start stroking the puppy, first its head, then its neck and its back.
A. Jumps up, scratches, growls and bites.
B. Jumps up, scratches.
C. Turns around, licks your hands.
D. Turns on its back, licks your hands.
E. Moves away.
Acceptance of Constraint
Maintain the dog on its back by putting your hand on its breast.
A. Struggles and resists while chewing and growling.
B. Struggles and resists without chewing nor growling.
C. Resists at first, then calms down and licks your hands.
D. Doesn't resist at all and licks your hands.
E. Behaves incoherently: first resists, then calms down, then starts growling and struggling again.
The Elevation Test
Lift the puppy from the floor, with both hands around its breast.
A. Turns around vigorously, growls, bites.
B. Turns around vigorously.
C. Turns around, calms down and licks your hands.
D. Doesn't turn around, licks your hands.
E. Behaves incoherently, resists or shivers, then calms down, then growls or bites, then licks your hands.
As with any other personality test the target is not to achieve a 5 out of 5 result.
A majority already points towards a certain tendency.
The ideal puppy may still turn out a disaster if not properly raised and trained.
However, it is important to know that a type A, B or E will more easily deceive you if you're not prepared to invest a lot of time, energy and consistency in
its education. Be also aware of the possible mismatch of personality with your own temper. If you have a dominant, consistent type of personality a type A
or B dog may be more easily to raise then a D type, which may become even more submissive under your dominance.
A. Dominant
This puppy seems to be a rebellious one, not recommended as a pet, but excellent as a herding, agility, or obedience dog. Could be used as a watch dog
if properly trained. Absolutely requires an experienced handler as this type of dog will always attempt to challenge human leadership.
B. Independent
This puppy seems to be a self-assured one, which requires a firm education and is not recommended if one has children.
C. Docile
This puppy seems to be obedient and stable.
D. Docile / Affectionate
Along with a docile temperament this pup will have an increased need for affection and should be perfectly suitable for children.
E. Timorous
This puppy seems to be an anxious one, may ill-behave with small children.
An E type may indicate a lack of imprinting, at an important stage of the puppy's development (0 to 6 weeks), which is often irreversible.
A majority of A's indicates an A-type of dog, a majority of B's a B-type, and so forth.
Test sequence:
Sociability
Put the puppy on the floor and move away, then attract it by clapping your hands.
A. Moves in your direction, jumps and chews at your hands.
B. Comes immediately, its tail high.
C. Comes and wags its tail.
D. Comes with a low tail.
E. Doesn't move at all in your direction.
Following
Move around the puppy first, then move out of its visual field, without calling it.
A. Follows you, chewing at your feet.
B. Follows you, its tail high.
C. Follows you, its tail low.
D. Follows you, hesitating, its tail low.
E. Doesn't follow you.
Acceptance of Dominance
Start stroking the puppy, first its head, then its neck and its back.
A. Jumps up, scratches, growls and bites.
B. Jumps up, scratches.
C. Turns around, licks your hands.
D. Turns on its back, licks your hands.
E. Moves away.
Acceptance of Constraint
Maintain the dog on its back by putting your hand on its breast.
A. Struggles and resists while chewing and growling.
B. Struggles and resists without chewing nor growling.
C. Resists at first, then calms down and licks your hands.
D. Doesn't resist at all and licks your hands.
E. Behaves incoherently: first resists, then calms down, then starts growling and struggling again.
The Elevation Test
Lift the puppy from the floor, with both hands around its breast.
A. Turns around vigorously, growls, bites.
B. Turns around vigorously.
C. Turns around, calms down and licks your hands.
D. Doesn't turn around, licks your hands.
E. Behaves incoherently, resists or shivers, then calms down, then growls or bites, then licks your hands.
As with any other personality test the target is not to achieve a 5 out of 5 result.
A majority already points towards a certain tendency.
The ideal puppy may still turn out a disaster if not properly raised and trained.
However, it is important to know that a type A, B or E will more easily deceive you if you're not prepared to invest a lot of time, energy and consistency in
its education. Be also aware of the possible mismatch of personality with your own temper. If you have a dominant, consistent type of personality a type A
or B dog may be more easily to raise then a D type, which may become even more submissive under your dominance.
| Test Number 2 I will give this test at 7 weeks of age. |
| Test Number 1 I will give this test at 6 weeks of age. |
Copyright Wendy and Joachim Volhard
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